Thales of Miletus. Basic Theorems and their Applications in Geometry

Abstract

This paper deals with the life and scientific heritage of Thales of Miletus, one of the leading mathematicians and astronomers of Ancient Greece, who is considered one of the seven great sages of the world. Particular attention is paid to his achievements in the field of geometry and astronomy, including the theorems he formulated and proved, as well as methods for solving practical problems, such as calculating the height of the Egyptian pyramids and the width of rivers. The work analyzes in detail the main theorems associated with his name, including the proportional line segment theorem and the inscribed triangle theorem. Examples are given of the use of proportionality and similar triangles to determine distances to inaccessible objects.